Stay Connected in Havana
Network coverage, costs, and options
Connectivity Overview
Staying connected in Havana requires planning ahead, as Cuba's internet infrastructure is still developing and differs significantly from most destinations. The country has made substantial improvements in recent years, with 4G networks now covering most of Havana and WiFi becoming more widely available. However, internet speeds remain slower than what most travelers expect, and connectivity can be intermittent. The government controls telecommunications through ETECSA, the sole provider, which affects pricing and availability. Most hotels now offer WiFi, though quality varies greatly. Public WiFi hotspots are available in parks and plazas, requiring prepaid cards. For reliable connectivity throughout your stay, having your own mobile data is essential rather than relying solely on WiFi.
Network Coverage & Speed
Cuba's mobile network is operated exclusively by ETECSA (Empresa de Telecomunicaciones de Cuba), the state telecommunications monopoly. 4G coverage blankets most of Havana, including Old Havana, Vedado, and the airport, though speeds typically range from 5-15 Mbps download. The network uses standard GSM frequencies (900/1800 MHz) and LTE bands 3, 7, and 20, making it compatible with most international phones. Signal strength is generally good in central areas but can weaken in older colonial buildings with thick walls. Data speeds slow considerably during peak evening hours (7-10 PM) when local usage spikes. The network handles calls and texts reliably, but video calls and streaming can be challenging. ETECSA has been gradually expanding capacity, and connectivity has improved notably since 2018. However, certain websites and services may load slowly or be intermittently accessible due to Cuba's internet infrastructure and international connectivity limitations.
How to Stay Connected
eSIM
eSIMs offer significant advantages for Cuba travel, primarily convenience and immediate activation. You can purchase and activate before departure, ensuring connectivity upon landing – crucial since ETECSA offices often have long queues. Most eSIM providers offer Cuba coverage through roaming partnerships with ETECSA, delivering the same network quality as local SIMs. Costs are higher than local options – typically $15-30 for 1-3GB versus $7-15 for local plans – but you're paying for convenience, English support, and avoiding bureaucratic hassles. The setup is instant with compatible phones (iPhone XS/newer, recent Android flagships). You'll also avoid language barriers and can troubleshoot issues with English-speaking support. However, data allowances are usually smaller, and you can't easily top up locally. For stays under two weeks, the premium is often worthwhile for the time saved and peace of mind.
Local SIM Card
Local ETECSA SIMs are available at the airport, ETECSA offices, and some hotels, though airport availability can be inconsistent. You'll need your passport and patience – the process often takes 30-60 minutes due to paperwork and queues. Tourist SIM cards cost around $3, with data packages starting at 600MB for $7, 1.2GB for $10, or 2.5GB for $15. The packages include some calling credit and are valid for 30 days. Top-ups can be purchased at ETECSA offices, some hotels, or through scratch cards from street vendors (though quality varies). The main ETECSA office at Obispo 252 in Old Havana is most reliable for service. Activation requires creating an account with personal details. While significantly cheaper than eSIMs or roaming, the time investment and potential language barriers make this best suited for longer stays or very budget-conscious travelers who don't mind the administrative hassle.
Comparison
Local SIMs are cheapest (roughly half the cost of eSIMs) but require significant time and effort to obtain and manage. eSIMs cost more but provide instant activation, English support, and no queuing at government offices. International roaming is typically the most expensive option and often unreliable in Cuba. All options use the same ETECSA network, so performance is identical. The real decision is whether you value time and convenience (eSIM) or want maximum data for minimum cost (local SIM), accepting the bureaucratic trade-offs involved.
Our Recommendations
First-time visitors: Go with an eSIM – Cuba has enough cultural adjustments without wrestling with telecommunications bureaucracy. You'll land with working data, can navigate immediately, and avoid airport SIM shop uncertainty. The convenience premium is worth it for the peace of mind. Budget travelers: If every dollar counts, local SIMs offer better value, but factor in the 1-2 hours spent in ETECSA offices. For most budget travelers, eSIMs are still the smarter choice – that saved time is worth more than the $10-15 difference. Long-term stays (1+ months): Local SIM makes financial sense here. The setup hassle pays off over time, and you'll want maximum flexibility for top-ups. Business travelers: eSIM is essential – immediate connectivity, reliable English support, and no time wasted in government offices. The cost difference is negligible compared to your time value and the need for reliable communication from arrival.